Influence of artocarpus altilis fruit extract on cancer cell

Conventional chemopreventive agents causes adverse side effects in cancer patients. Thus, this study focuses on the effects of natural plant extract against cancer cell as a way to reduce or detrimental effects of orthodox drugs. The present study emphasizes on anti-cancer potentiality of Artocarpus altilis fruit extract against cervical cancer cell. Cervical cancer cell treated with methanol extract of artocarpus altilis fruit with the concentration varied from 10μg/ml, 20μg/ml, 30μg/ml, 40μg/ml and 50μg/ml. Treated and untreated (cells without treatment) cell proliferation and half maximal inhibitory concentration IC50 measured after 72 hours of incubation. Cells without treatment, 10μg/ml, 20μg/ml, 30μg/ml, 40μg/ml and 50 μg/ml of extract concentration showed 1.3, 0.98, 0.72, 0.65, 0.51, and 0.3 of cell proliferation factor accordingly with 40μg/ml of IC50 value. The result shows that artocarpus altilis is capable in opposing cervical cancer cell proliferation or growth as the proliferation factor decreases with the increasing dose of extract concentration which can be attributed to the presence of bioactive compound in Artocarpus altilis

Artocarpus altilis extract effect on cervical cancer cells

This paper elucidate on the effects of Artocarpus Altilis Pulp part on cervix HeLa cancer cell. IC50 values of pulp extract were determined on HeLa cell with different concentration (12.5µg/ml, 25µg/ml, 50µg/ml, 100µg/ml). Cell viability and cell growth were observed up to 72 hours with comparative to control cells. The results obtained in this research quantitatively revealed the dependence of cell proliferation on extract concentration. Control, 12.5µg/ml, 25µg/ml, 50µg/ml, 100µg/ml of concentration showed 100%, 90%, 80%, 50%, 44% cell viability after 72 hours in culture respectively. This study result demonstrates that Artocarpus Altilis has the ability to inhibit cervical cancer cell proliferation

Combined effect of neolamarckia cadamba leaves and electroporation method on hela cell anti- proliferation process

This study suggests that natural sources may become an important tool in treating cancer. Neolamarckia cadamba (NC) leaves also well-known as “Anthocephalus Cadamba”, is a precious plant in Ayurvedic medicine. HeLa cells are one of the examples of eukaryotic cells type. It is derived from human cervical cancer cells. This experiment is conducted in different concentrations of NC Leaves (1μg/ml, 5μg/ml, 10μg/ml, 20μg/ml, 30μg/ml, 40μg/ml, 50μg/ml, 60μg/ml, 70μg/ml, 80μg/ml, 90μg/ml and 100μg/ml) for 48 hours. This experiment’s result proves that the anti-cancer properties of the extract of NC leaves are by increasing the concentration of extract, the numbers of cell viability will decrease. For contribution, the process of NC leaves extract will be combined with the electroporation process to investigate the effect on HeLa cell. Electroporation parameters used for this study were (voltage 600v/cm, pulse duration 5ms, single pulse)

Investigation on anti-proliferation properties of porcupine bezoar (hystrix brachyuran) extracts exposed on hela cells lines combined with electroporation technique

Electroporation (EP) is a technique whereby the biophysical changes on the cells that induced external high-intensity electrical field pulses in order to enhance applications in the medical field. It is a molecular biology technique in order to create pores through a cell wall membrane, boost the permeability of the cell membrane, and support chemicals, drugs or DNA to be imported into Hela cells. While by combining electroporation (EP) technique with porcupine bezoar (PB) extract might reduce the proliferation of HeLa cells because this compound extract has the ability of anti-proliferation and also anti-angiogenesis properties for controlling cancer cell growth. This research concentrate on reviewing and analyses the basic concepts and methods of combining electroporation and porcupine bezoar (PB) extract as applied in cancer treatment application. The combination of this technique might be a new alternative for anti-cancer treatment. The combination of this technique might be a new way for anti-cancer treatment. © 2018 Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. All rights reserved

Occurrence of intestinal parasitic contamination in selected consumed local raw vegetables and fruits in Kuantan, Pahang

Intestinal parasitic infections are one of the most common human diseases that cause serious health and economic issues in many developing and developed countries. Raw vegetables and fruits play an important role in transmitting parasites into humans. Hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the parasitological contamination of the commonly consumed selected local leafy vegetables and fruits in Kuantan, Malaysia. One kilogram of local consumed-raw vegetables and fruits were collected randomly from Kuantan wet market (Pasar Tani) during monsoon seasons (November 2014-January 2014) and dry seasons (February 2015- April 2015). Standard wet mount procedure and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain were used for the detection of parasites. In the present study, the examination of vegetables revealed five different species of parasites. The vegetables samples collected from Kuantan’s wet market were positive for both helminths and protozoa. However, the fruits samples were negative for parasitic contamination. Pegaga was the most contaminated leafy vegetables in this study and Strongyloides was the most frequently found parasite. Furthermore, there was a high diversity in the type of observed parasites during the dry season as compared to monsoon season. Therefore, further action should be taken to reduce the occurrence of parasitic contamination in vegetables by implementing the principles of good agriculture practices and improving the water treatment efficacy. Jangkitan parasit usus adalah salah satu penyakit manusia yang lazimnya menyebabkan masalah kesihatan yang serius dan mengakibatkan isu-isu ekonomi di negara-negara maju dan membangun. Sayur-sayuran mentah dan buah-buahan memainkan peranan yang penting sebagai medium jangkitan parasit ke dalam manusia. Oleh itu, tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menyiasat pencemaran parasitologi daripada sayur-sayuran berdaun dan buah-buahan yang biasa dimakan serta dipilih penduduk tempatan di Kuantan, Malaysia. Sebanyak satu kilogram sayur-sayuran tempatan yang dimakan mentah dan buah-buahan telah dikumpulkan secara rawak dari Kuantan pasar basah (Pasar Tani) semasa musim tengkujuh (November 2014-Januari 2014) dan musim kering (Februari 2015- April 2015). Prosedur lazim ‘wet mount’ dan dimodifikasi perwarnaan Ziehl-Neelsen telah digunakan untuk mengesan parasit. Dalam kajian ini, pemeriksaan sayur-sayuran mendedahkan lima spesies parasite yang berbeza. Sampel sayur-sayuran sampel yang diambil daripada pasar basah Kuantan adalah positif untuk kedua-dua helmin dan protozoa. Walau bagaimanapun, sampel buah-buahan adalah negatif untuk pencemaran parasit. Pegaga merupakan sayuran yang paling tercemar dalam kajian ini dan Strongyloides adalah parasit yang paling kerap ditemui. Tambahan pula, terdapat kepelbagaian yang tinggi dalam jenis parasit telah diperhatikan semasa musim kering berbanding musim tengkujuh. Oleh itu, tindakan lanjut perlu diambil untuk mengurangkan berlakunya pencemaran parasit didalam sayur-sayuran dengan melaksanakan prinsip-prinsip amalan pertanian yang baik serta meningkatkan keberkesanan rawatan air perlu dipertingkat

In-vitro cytotoxicity of Trigona itama honey against human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (A549)

Introduction: Many efforts have been made to identify natural alternatives to reduce the side effects of cytotoxic drugs in cancer treatment. With this in mind, the current study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity effects of one of the multifloral Malaysian honey, Kelulut honey (Trigona itama), as a potential natural anticancer agent in stimulating apoptosis and cell cycle arrest to a human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (A549). Methods: The cells were treated with various concentrations of T. itama honey for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The cytotoxicity and cell viability were determined using trypan blue exclusion assay (TBEA) and flow cytometric analysis. Results: The moisture content in the analysed honey was 14.3 ± 0.8%, which was within the accepted international standard. The pH, electrical conductivity and proline content were 3.17 ± 0.02, 0.47 mS/cm - 0.55 mS/cm and 19.1 mg/kg - 20.2 mg/kg respectively. The findings demonstrated a significant dose and time-dependent inhibitory effect of T. itama honey with the maximum cytotoxic effects were observed at 72 hours with 20% concentration of T. itama honey, indicating 100% growth inhibition. Meanwhile, IC50 of T. itama honey treatment for A549 cells was determined as 0.62% v/v. Moreover, T. itama honey has a promising cytotoxic effect and proven capable of inducing cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase at 72 hours of exposure with IC50 concentration. Conclusion: This study provides a prefatory evidence on T. itama honey’s significant anticancer activity against human lung cancer cell lines

Cytotoxicity of leukemic cells by nypa fruticans through regulation of adiponectin expression

Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common leukemia subtypes among paediatrics in Malaysia. Although treatment options are available but some patients remain incurable, some undergo relapse and many experiences adverse effects by the conventional therapies. Thus, we aim to investigate possible treatment alternative by studying the antileukemogenesis properties of concentrated Nypa fruticans sap called nisaan by focusing on adiponectin expression. Method: Our study model was CCRF-CEM, an acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. The cells were treated with nisaan at a range of concentration and treated for 24, 48 and 72 hours followed by determination of the leukemic cells viability using tryphan blue method. Effective nisaan concentrations that significantly reduced the cells viability were again treated to the cells followed by determination of the cell proliferation using BrdU colorimetric kit and adiponectin level using adiponectin ELISA kit. Results: The results showed that, increase concentration of nisaan treatment reduced the cells viability and cells proliferation and enhance the adiponectin level in the leukemic cells. Conclusion: This preliminary data suggest that Nypa fruticans might has the anti-leukemogenesis effect on acute lymphoblastic cells by regulating the adiponectin expression

A preliminary study for developing operator manual for ruminant abattoirs on prevention of foodborne diseases and halal compliance

Introduction: Foodborne diseases (FBD) can occur along the whole series of food production from the sources and processing until serving for consumers. Among the sources of food, meat is a major concern since it is come from animal origin where the pathogens might transmit to human and/or contaminate microbes from infected meat handlers to consumers at any time. Background Study: Abattoir operators – managers and workers, and the authorities – Veterinary and Halal officers, play the key role in conversion of live food animals to healthy and edible halal meat and useful animal products fit for human consumption. Abattoir operators, abattoir operating procedures including animal handling and meat process need to abide the standard operating procedures (SOP) as guided by the authority for the safety of meat in meeting the requirements for public health. It is also to be in lines with the halal rules and regulations from the perspective of Islam so that to achieve halal food and products which are beneficial for both physical and spiritual. Problem Statement: A number of researches have conducted in the prevalence of FBD but lack of prevention with combination of halal-compliance especially in ruminant abattoir areas. Objective: The researcher aims to do preliminary study for developing the required Operator Manual of Ruminant Abattoirs (OMRA) on prevention of FBD and also for halal compliance. Method: This preliminary study will be looking into the process of ruminant abattoir by literature search if its premises, staffs, animal handling and the equipment used are in accordance with the halalcompliance and prevention of FBD. From visiting two abattoirs and online data sources, gathering relevant information for ruminant abattoir and halal meat of Malaysia is done. Results: Based on the preliminary findings, the three major accreditations of Malaysia which are MS1500:2009 guidelines of Department of Standards Malaysia, JAKIM (Jabatan Agama Kemajuan Islam Malaysia/ Department of Islamic Development Malaysia) 2008 & 2011 Malaysian halal meat protocols, and DVS (Department of Veterinary Services of Malaysia) code of veterinary practice 2012 respectively. They are compared and analyzed to get the required information for further developing OMRA for the benefits of meat industry, health ministry, global halal market authority and all consumers

Antibody response against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrom Coronavirus 2 messenger Ribonucleic Acid vaccines in infected individuals: a systematic review

Individuals with a history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exhibit memory immunity acquired during natural infection. However, a decline in immunity after infection renders these individuals vulnerable to re-infection, in addition to a higher risk of infection with new variants. This systematic review examined related studies to elucidate the antibody response in these infected individuals after messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccination. Hence, the focus of this review was to ascertain differences in the concentration of binding and neutralising antibodies of previously infected individuals in comparison to those of infection-naïve individuals after administration of two doses of mRNA vaccination through available case-control and cohort studies. Positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test or detectable anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies at the baseline in included studies showed categorisation of infected and uninfected individuals. This review utilised three online databases: PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane with the following keywords: (COVID-19 OR ‘Coronavirus Disease 2019’ OR SARS-CoV-2) AND Immun* AND (Pfizer OR BioNTech OR BNT162b2 OR Comirnaty OR Moderna OR mRNA-1273) from January 2019 to July 2021. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol (PRISMA-P) 2020 guidelines and assessment based on the Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool (CCAT), we included 13 related qualified papers of observational studies discerning the binding and neutralising antibody concentrations of infected and uninfected individuals after administration of mRNA vaccines, such as the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccine. The mRNA vaccines induced robust binding and neutralising antibody responses in both groups. However, infected individuals showed induction of higher antibody responses in a shorter time compared to uninfected individuals. Hence, a single dose of mRNA vaccination for infected individuals may be sufficient to reach the same level of antibody concentration as that observed in uninfected individuals after receiving two doses of vaccination